Tissues
Frequently Asked Questions
Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function in plants and animals.
The term 'tissue' was coined by Bichat.
Plant tissues are of two types: meristematic and permanent tissues.
These are tissues with actively dividing cells responsible for plant growth.
Apical, intercalary, and lateral meristem.
It is found at root and shoot tips and causes increase in length.
It increases the girth or thickness of stems and roots.
Permanent tissues are made of mature cells that have lost the ability to divide.
Simple permanent and complex permanent tissues.
Tissues made of similar cells performing the same function like parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma.
Parenchyma is a living simple permanent tissue that stores food and provides support.
Collenchyma provides flexibility and mechanical support to the plant.
Sclerenchyma is a dead supporting tissue with lignified walls providing rigidity and strength.
Xylem and phloem that help in transport of materials in plant are complex tissues.
Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.
Tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibres.
Phloem transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, and phloem parenchyma.
Meristematic tissue.
Protective tissues like epidermis and cork protect plant surfaces.
It is the outermost single layer of cells covering the plant body.
Cork is a protective tissue of dead cells formed by cork cambium.
Animal tissues are groups of similar cells performing specific functions in animals.
They are classified into epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues.
Epithelial tissue forms the outer covering of body organs and lines cavities and glands.
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, ciliated, and glandular epithelial tissues.
It is a thin flat epithelium found in alveoli and blood vessels allowing diffusion.
Columnar epithelium helps in absorption and secretion, seen in small intestine lining.
It provides mechanical support and is found in kidney tubules.
Connective tissue connects and supports different parts of the body.
Bone and cartilage.
Areolar tissue joins different tissues and fills spaces between organs.
Adipose tissue stores fat and provides insulation.
Blood is a fluid connective tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones.
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Bone is a hard connective tissue that provides shape, support, and protection to body.
Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue present in ear, nose, and joints.
Ligament connects bone to bone and provides flexibility and strength.
Tendon connects muscle to bone and helps in movement.
Muscular tissues help in movement by contraction and relaxation.
Striated, unstriated, and cardiac muscles.
Striated muscles are voluntary muscles attached to bones for body movement.
Smooth muscles are involuntary, found in walls of internal organs like stomach and intestines.
Cardiac muscles are involuntary, branched, and found only in the heart.
Nervous tissue transmits messages between the brain, spinal cord, and body parts.
The neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
Dendrites, cell body (cyton), and axon.
Voluntary muscles act under conscious control; involuntary muscles act without conscious effort.
Muscular tissue.
It helps understand how different body parts work efficiently through division of labour among cells.
