How do Organisms Reproduce
Frequently Asked Questions
Reproduction is the biological process by which living organisms produce new individuals of the same species, ensuring continuity of life.
Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent, without fusion of gametes.
Sexual reproduction is the process where offspring are produced by fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in variation.
Amoeba and bacteria.
Budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism emerges from the body of the parent, as in Hydra or yeast.
Vegetative propagation is an asexual method in plants where new plants grow from roots, stems, or leaves of the parent plant.
Spore formation is a form of asexual reproduction seen in fungi like Rhizopus, where spores are produced and dispersed for new growth.
The reproductive system.
Gametes are reproductive cells: male (sperm) and female (egg) that fuse during fertilization.
Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube of females.
A zygote is the single cell formed after fusion of sperm and egg, which develops into an embryo.
The placenta transports nutrients, oxygen, and waste between mother and fetus during pregnancy.
Menstruation occurs when the egg is not fertilized and the uterine lining breaks down and is expelled.
Testosterone in boys and estrogen & progesterone in girls.
Sexual reproduction involves gamete fusion and variation, asexual reproduction does not.
Variation allows species to adapt to changing environments and increases survival chances.
Regeneration is the process where organisms regrow lost body parts, e.g., Planaria.
Enables quick multiplication; offspring retain parent traits.
Mixing genetic material from two parents to form offspring with new combinations of traits.
Rapid propagation of disease-free plants and conserving rare plant species.
Grafting, cutting, layering.
Fertilization Rate = (Number of fertilized eggs / Total eggs released) × 100
The menstrual cycle prepares the uterus for pregnancy each month; if no fertilization, the lining breaks down and is expelled.
Testes, scrotum, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, penis.
Ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, vagina.
Binary fission produces two identical daughter cells from a single parent, common in unicellular organisms.
Two haploid gametes transform into a diploid zygote.
Potato tubers growing into new plants.
Sexual reproduction needs gametes and results in variation; budding is asexual, forming identical offspring.
Charts and models showing the human reproductive system.
Transfer of pollen from male to female reproductive organs for fertilization in plants.
Ensures physically, mentally, and socially healthy individuals and safe reproduction.
Population Growth = (Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration)
Growth of reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics, emotional changes.
In-vitro fertilization (IVF) for assisting pregnancy.
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Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote, leading to development of a new organism.
Menstruation allows regular shedding and renewal of the uterine lining, maintaining its health.
Growing new plants from small amounts of tissue under sterile conditions.
Promoting hygiene, awareness, and safe practices among adolescents.
The developing organism after zygote formation, before recognizable features develop.
Condom is a barrier device used for contraception.
DNA replication ensures genetic information is copied for transmission to the next generation.
Education, testing, counselling, and medical support for safe reproduction.
Use labeled diagrams and define key terms clearly.
Fish and amphibians often fertilize eggs outside the body in water.
Somatic plant part transforms into a new individual plant.
Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen between different plants, encouraging genetic variation.
Pregnancy Rate = (Number of pregnancies / Number of cycles attempted) × 100
