Class X · Chapter 8 · NCERT Mathematics

CHAPTER 08

Introduction to Trigonometry

Ratios of the Right Triangle

Six ratios, one right angle — the gateway to the universe of waves and angles.

\(sin²θ + cos²θ = 1\)
10 CBSE Marks
Difficulty
9 Topics
Very High Board Weight

Topics Covered

9 key topics in this chapter

Trigonometric Ratios of Acute Angle
sin, cos, tan, cosec, sec, cot
Ratios of Specific Angles: 0°,30°,45°,60°,90°
Trigonometric Table
Trigonometric Identities
sin²θ + cos²θ = 1
1 + tan²θ = sec²θ
1 + cot²θ = cosec²θ
Complementary Angles

Study Resources

Key Formulas

Formula / Rule Expression
Pythagorean Identity 1 \(sin²θ + cos²θ = 1\)
Pythagorean Identity 2 \(1 + tan²θ = sec²θ\)
Pythagorean Identity 3 \(1 + cot²θ = cosec²θ\)
sin 30° / cos 60° \(1/2\)
sin 45° / cos 45° \(1/√2\)
sin 60° / cos 30° \(√3/2\)
tan 45° \(1\)
tan 30° \(1/√3\)
tan 60° \(√3\)

Important Points to Remember

Trigonometric ratios are defined for acute angles in a right-angled triangle.
sin θ = Opp/Hyp; cos θ = Adj/Hyp; tan θ = Opp/Adj; cosec = 1/sin; sec = 1/cos; cot = 1/tan.
Complementary angles: sin(90°−θ) = cos θ, cos(90°−θ) = sin θ, tan(90°−θ) = cot θ.
Key identity: sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 is the mother of all trig identities at Class X level.
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