10
CBSE Marks
★★★★★
Difficulty
10
Topics
Very High
Board Weight
Topics Covered
10 key topics in this chapter
What are Life Processes?
Nutrition: Autotrophic
Photosynthesis
Heterotrophic Nutrition
Human Digestive System
Respiration: Aerobic & Anaerobic
Human Respiratory System
Transportation in Plants
Human Circulatory System
Excretion in Plants & Humans
Study Resources
Key Formulas & Reactions
| Formula / Reaction / Rule | Expression |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | \(6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂\) |
| Aerobic Resp. | \(C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)\) |
| Anaerobic (yeast) | \(Glucose → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ + Energy\) |
| Anaerobic (muscle) | \(Glucose → 2 Lactic acid + Energy\) |
| Breathing Rate | \(~15–18 breaths/min at rest\) |
| Cardiac Output | \(Heart rate × Stroke volume\) |
Important Points to Remember
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts; the light reaction produces ATP and NADPH, the dark reaction fixes CO₂ into glucose.
Aerobic respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38 ATP. Anaerobic in yeast: glucose → ethanol + CO₂.
Human heart: 4 chambers (2 atria, 2 ventricles). Deoxygenated blood: Right side → lungs. Oxygenated: Left side → body.
Excretion in humans: kidneys filter blood, form urine (urea, water, salts). Plants excrete through stomata and lenticels.