Chemical bonding explains how atoms combine to form molecules and solids and how these arrangements determine properties like shape, polarity, melting point and reactivity.
In this chapter you explore why atoms strive for stable electronic configurations and how electron transfer or sharing results in ionic and covalent bonding.
📚 What This Chapter Covers
⚛️ Kössel–Lewis theory explains bonding using noble gas configurations.
🧲 Ionic bonding involves electron transfer and lattice formation.
🤝 Covalent bonding occurs through sharing of electron pairs.
📐 VSEPR theory predicts molecular geometry.
🔷 Hybridisation explains equivalent bonds and bond angles.
🧪 Molecular orbital theory explains bond order and magnetism.
💡 Key Relations
Higher bond order indicates stronger and shorter bonds.
Used to predict molecular shape in VSEPR theory.
Determines polarity of molecules.