|A|a bc d= ad − bcA⁻¹ = adj(A)/|A|
Chapter 4 · Class XII Mathematics · NCERT Exercises

Determinants — Exercises

Properties, Cofactors & Cramer's Rule — Every Determinant Exercise Solved

📂 6 Exercises 📝 68 Questions 🎓 High

Exercise Index

6 exercise files · 68 total questions

Chapter at a Glance

JEE MainJEE AdvancedCBSE Boards
12Concepts
18Formulas
HighDifficulty
6–8%Weightage

Before You Begin

Prerequisites

  • Ch 3 — Matrices
  • Ch 9 (Class XI) — Straight Lines, for area/collinearity link
  • Careful sign-tracking in expansions

Have Ready

  • 🔧Cofactor sign-pattern grid (+−+ / −+− / +−+)
  • 🔧Scratch paper for row reduction

Syllabus-wise Topic Map

4.1 IntroductionDeterminant as a scalar associated with a square matrix
4.2 DeterminantExpansion along a row/column; evaluating 2×2 and 3×3 determinants
4.3 Area of a TriangleArea = ½|determinant of vertices|; condition for three collinear points
4.4 Minors and CofactorsMᵢⱼ and Cᵢⱼ=(−1)^(i+j)Mᵢⱼ; expansion using cofactors
4.5 Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrixadj(A)=transpose of cofactor matrix; A⁻¹=adj(A)/|A|, valid only if |A|≠0
4.6 Applications of Determinants and MatricesSolving AX=B via X=A⁻¹B; consistency conditions for unique/no/infinite solutions

Key Formulae

\(|A| = a_{11}C_{11}+a_{12}C_{12}+a_{13}C_{13}\)
\(\text{Area} = \tfrac12\begin{vmatrix}x_1&y_1&1\x_2&y_2&1\x_3&y_3&1\end{vmatrix}\)
\(A^{-1} = \dfrac{1}{|A|}\,\mathrm{adj}(A),\quad |A|\neq 0\)
\(AX=B \Rightarrow X = A^{-1}B\ (\text{if } |A|\neq0)\)

NCERT Solving Method

Step 1 — Simplify determinants first using row/column operations (Rᵢ→Rᵢ+kRⱼ) before expanding — never expand a messy determinant directly. Step 2 — For area: take absolute value; if the determinant is 0, points are collinear. Step 3 — Adjoint: compute the full cofactor matrix carefully with sign pattern, then transpose. Step 4 — Matrix method for equations: verify |A|≠0 before computing A⁻¹; state 'no solution' or 'infinite solutions' if |A|=0.

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