Metals and Non-metals
Frequently Asked Questions
Metals are elements that are generally hard, lustrous, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat/electricity, and form positive ions.
Non-metals are brittle (if solid), non-lustrous, poor conductors, and form negative ions.
Property of metals to be beaten into thin sheets.
Property of metals to be drawn into wires.
Shiny appearance of metals due to reflection of light.
Due to presence of free electrons.
They lack free electrons.
Metals that produce ringing sound when struck.
Gold.
Because it reacts vigorously with air and water.
Metal oxides react with water to form basic hydroxides.
Their oxides form acids with water.
Gradual destruction of metals by air, moisture, or chemicals.
Iron reacts with oxygen and moisture to form rust.
\(\mathrm{Fe_2O_3·xH_2O.}\)
Painting, oiling, galvanizing, alloying, etc.
Coating iron with zinc to prevent rusting.
Homogeneous mixtures of metals or metals with non-metals.
Brass = Copper + Zinc.
It is ductile and a good conductor.
It is light, strong, corrosion-resistant.
List of metals arranged by reactivity.
To prevent reaction with air/water.
\(\mathrm{2Na + 2H_2O \rightarrow 2NaOH + H_2 + heat.}\)
More reactive metal displaces less reactive metal from its compound.
\(\mathrm{Zn + CuSO_4 \rightarrow ZnSO_4 + Cu.}\)
They easily donate electrons to hydrogen ions.
No, they cannot release H2 gas.
They lose electrons due to low ionization energy.
They gain electrons due to high electron affinity.
Mercury.
Bromine.
It has free delocalized electrons.
Chlorine.
Nitrogen, phosphorus.
Minerals from which metals can be extracted economically.
Extraction of metals from ores.
Removal of impurities (gangue).
Heating ore in absence of air.
Heating ore in presence of excess air.
Removal of oxygen.
It is cheap and effective.
Using electric current for metal extraction.
Sodium extraction from molten NaCl.
Sodium is too reactive.
Na, Mg, Al.
Purification of metals.
Using electricity to refine metals.
To obtain pure copper for wires.
Acids release \(\mathrm{H^+}\) ions required to form \(\mathrm{H_2}\) gas.
\(\mathrm{Mg + 2HCl \rightarrow MgCl_2 + H_2.}\)
Essential for breathing and burning.
3:1 mixture of HCl and \(\mathrm{HNO_3.}\)
It is least reactive.
Sodium, potassium.
Gold, platinum.
Zinc, iron.
Forms silver sulphide with sulphur in air.
Hydrogen gas.
\(\mathrm{Zn + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2ZnO_2 + H_2.}\)
They conduct heat and are durable.
Aluminium powder and iron oxide.
Produces molten iron due to high heat.
React with both acids and bases.
Least reactive metals like gold, silver.
Gold.
Iron.
Weak intermolecular forces.
Strong metallic bonding.
Nitrogen.
Tin-lead alloy (solder).
Thickening oxide layer on aluminium.
\(\mathrm{S + O_2 \rightarrow SO_2.}\)
No.
It is moderately reactive.
Iron.
\(\mathrm3Fe + 4H_2O \rightarrow Fe_3O_4 + 4H_2.}\)
CO, N2O.
\(\mathrm{CO_2,\, SO_2.}\)
CaO, MgO.
Graphite.
It reacts vigorously with air.
Green coating on copper.
Different forms of same element.
Aluminium hydroxide.
Reduction by heating with carbon.
Lowers melting point of alumina.
Protective oxide layer forms.
1, 2, or 3.
1, 2, or 3.
\(\mathrm{NaCl,\; MgCl_2.}\)
\(\mathrm{PCl_5,\, PCl_3.}\)
Magnesium ribbon.
Aluminium.
Compound formed by transfer of electrons.
High melting points, conduct when molten.
Copper, silver, gold.
Strong metallic bonding.
Between lead and copper.
Sulphur.
