Ch 12  ·  Q–
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Class 9 Science Exercise NCERT Solutions Olympiad Board Exam
Chapter 12

Improvment in Food Resources

Step-by-step NCERT solutions with stress–strain analysis and exam-oriented hints for Boards, JEE & NEET.

9 Questions
20–30 min Ideal time
Q1 Now at
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Q1
NUMERIC3 marks
Explain any one method of crop production which ensures high yield.
📘 Concept & Theory Theory / Concept ›
Crop production refers to the scientific cultivation of crops to obtain maximum quantity and quality of food. Modern agriculture focuses on increasing productivity without compromising soil health and environmental sustainability. High crop yield is achieved by combining improved seeds with proper agricultural practices such as nutrient management, irrigation, weed control, and plant protection.

One of the most successful methods for increasing crop production is the use of High-Yielding Varieties (HYV) of seeds. These varieties are developed through scientific plant breeding and hybridization to produce crops with higher productivity, better disease resistance, early maturity, and improved adaptability to different climatic conditions.
🗺️ Solution Roadmap Step-by-step Plan ›

  1. Understand what is meant by high crop yield.

  2. Choose one suitable crop production method.

  3. Explain how the method improves crop productivity.

  4. Mention additional agricultural practices needed for maximum yield.

  5. Conclude with its importance in food production.

✏️ Solution Complete Solution ›
Step-by-step Solution  ·  6 steps
  1. One important method of crop production that ensures high yield is the use of High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds.
  2. Step 1
  3. High-Yielding Variety seeds are scientifically developed through selective breeding or hybridization. These seeds produce more grains or fruits per plant than traditional varieties.
  4. Step 2: HYV seeds possess desirable characteristics such as:
    • Higher productivity.
    • Resistance to many diseases and pests.
    • Tolerance to adverse weather conditions.
    • Early maturity, allowing multiple cropping.
    • Better response to fertilizers and irrigation.
  6. Step 3: Farmers obtain maximum benefit from HYV seeds only when they are combined with proper agricultural practices such as:
    • Balanced use of fertilizers and manures.
    • Timely irrigation.
    • Protection against weeds, pests, and diseases.
    • Proper sowing and harvesting techniques.
  8. Step 4
  9. As a result, the number of healthy plants and the quantity of grains produced per hectare increase significantly. Crops such as wheat, rice, and maize have shown remarkable improvement in production due to the use of HYV seeds.
  10. Step 5
  11. The widespread adoption of HYV seeds was one of the major reasons behind the Green Revolution, which greatly increased food grain production and helped India become self-sufficient in food production.
🎯 Exam Significance Exam Significance ›
  • This question tests the concept of modern agricultural practices and crop improvement, which is frequently asked in CBSE examinations.
  • Understanding HYV seeds helps students differentiate between traditional and modern farming methods.
  • Questions related to the Green Revolution, crop variety improvement, and sustainable agriculture are common in NTSE, Olympiads, Foundation courses, and other competitive examinations.
  • The concept also forms the basis for understanding food security and agricultural biotechnology in higher classes.
🔑 Key Takeaways Key Takeaways ›
Key Takeaways  ·  5 points

  1. High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds produce more crop than traditional seeds.

  2. HYV seeds are developed through scientific breeding and hybridization.

  3. Maximum yield is obtained only when HYV seeds are combined with proper irrigation, fertilizers, and crop protection measures.

  4. HYV seeds played a major role in the Green Revolution.

  5. Improved crop varieties contribute significantly to national food security and sustainable agricultural development.
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Q2 →
Q2
NUMERIC3 marks
Why are manure and fertilizers used in fields?
📘 Concept & Theory Concept Used ›
Plants require essential mineral nutrients from the soil for their growth, flowering, and seed formation. During every crop season, crops absorb nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) from the soil. Continuous cultivation gradually reduces the nutrient content of the soil, making it less fertile. Therefore, nutrients must be replenished regularly to maintain soil fertility and ensure healthy crop production.

This replenishment is achieved by adding manure and fertilizers. Manure is an organic source of nutrients prepared from decomposed plant and animal wastes, whereas fertilizers are inorganic chemical substances containing nutrients in concentrated form.
🗺️ Solution Roadmap Step-by-step Plan ›

  1. Explain why soil loses nutrients.

  2. State the purpose of using manure and fertilizers.

  3. Describe the role of manure.

  4. Describe the role of fertilizers.

  5. Conclude with their importance in increasing crop yield.

✏️ Solution Complete Solution ›
Step-by-step Solution  ·  5 steps
  1. Manure and fertilizers are used in agricultural fields to replenish the nutrients removed from the soil by growing crops. Continuous cultivation decreases soil fertility because plants absorb essential nutrients for their growth and development.
  2. During growth, crops absorb important nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from the soil. These nutrients are essential for the formation of leaves, roots, flowers, fruits, and seeds.
  3. If the same field is cultivated repeatedly without replacing these nutrients, the soil gradually becomes nutrient-deficient and crop productivity decreases.
  4. Farmers therefore add manure and fertilizers to restore the nutrient balance and maintain soil fertility.
    • Manure: It is an organic substance obtained from decomposed plant and animal wastes. It enriches the soil with organic matter (humus), improves soil texture, increases water-holding capacity, enhances aeration, and promotes the growth of beneficial microorganisms.
    • Fertilizers: These are chemical substances rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK). They supply nutrients quickly to plants, promote rapid growth, and increase crop production.
  5. The combined and balanced use of manure and fertilizers improves soil health, supports healthy plant growth, increases agricultural productivity, and helps achieve sustainable farming.
🎯 Exam Significance Exam Significance ›
  • This is a frequently asked conceptual question in CBSE examinations that tests understanding of soil fertility and nutrient management.
  • Students should know the differences between manure and fertilizers along with their respective advantages.
  • Questions related to NPK nutrients, organic farming, sustainable agriculture, and soil conservation are commonly asked in Olympiads, NTSE, and other competitive examinations.
  • Understanding nutrient management is also important for higher studies in Biology, Agriculture, and Environmental Science.
🔑 Key Takeaways Key Takeaways ›
Key Takeaways  ·  5 points

  1. Growing crops continuously reduces the nutrient content of the soil.

  2. Manure is an organic source of nutrients that improves soil structure and microbial activity.

  3. Fertilizers provide essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in concentrated form.

  4. Balanced use of manure and fertilizers maintains soil fertility and increases crop yield.

  5. Healthy soil is the foundation of sustainable agriculture and long-term food production.
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Q3
NUMERIC3 marks
What are the advantages of inter-cropping and crop rotation?
📘 Concept & Theory Concept Used ›
Sustainable agriculture aims to obtain higher crop production while conserving soil fertility and natural resources. Two important cropping patterns used for this purpose are inter-cropping and crop rotation. Both methods improve resource utilization, reduce crop losses, and maintain long-term productivity of agricultural land.

Although both practices increase crop yield, they differ in their approach. Inter-cropping involves growing two or more crops simultaneously in the same field, whereas crop rotation involves growing different crops one after another on the same land in successive seasons.
🗺️ Solution Roadmap Step-by-step Plan ›

  1. Define inter-cropping.

  2. Explain its advantages.

  3. Define crop rotation.

  4. Explain its advantages.

  5. Conclude by stating how both methods improve agricultural productivity.

✏️ Solution Complete Solution ›
Step-by-step Solution  ·  9 steps
  1. Inter-cropping and crop rotation are two scientific agricultural practices that help increase crop production while maintaining soil fertility and reducing the risk of crop failure.
  2. Inter-cropping
  3. Inter-cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field in a definite row pattern. For example, maize and bean crops may be grown together.
  4. Since different crops have different nutrient requirements and root systems, they utilize sunlight, water, and soil nutrients more efficiently without competing excessively with one another.
  5. Advantages of Inter-cropping:
    • Makes efficient use of nutrients, water, sunlight, and available land.
    • Reduces the spread of pests and diseases because different crops interrupt the life cycle of many pests.
    • Minimizes the risk of complete crop failure if one crop is affected by adverse conditions.
    • Provides a more stable and higher overall yield.
    • Improves farm income by producing multiple crops from the same field.
  6. Crop Rotation
  7. Crop rotation is the practice of growing different crops one after another on the same field during different seasons or years. For example, wheat may be grown in one season followed by a leguminous crop such as gram or pea in the next season.
  8. Leguminous plants contain Rhizobium bacteria in their root nodules, which fix atmospheric nitrogen and enrich the soil naturally. This reduces nutrient depletion and improves soil fertility.
  9. Advantages of Crop Rotation:
    • Maintains and restores soil fertility.
    • Naturally replenishes nitrogen when leguminous crops are included.
    • Breaks the life cycle of pests, diseases, and weeds.
    • Reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers.
    • Ensures healthy crop growth and increases long-term productivity.
  11. Thus, both inter-cropping and crop rotation promote sustainable agriculture by improving soil health, reducing crop losses, conserving natural resources, and ensuring higher agricultural production.
🎯 Exam Significance Exam Significance ›
  • This is one of the most frequently asked long-answer questions in CBSE Class 9 examinations.
  • Students should clearly distinguish between inter-cropping and crop rotation with suitable examples.
  • The role of leguminous plants and Rhizobium bacteria in nitrogen fixation is an important concept for board exams, Olympiads, NTSE, and other competitive examinations.
  • These concepts form the foundation for sustainable agriculture, soil management, and environmental conservation studied in higher classes.
🔑 Key Takeaways Key Takeaways ›
Key Takeaways  ·  5 points

  1. Inter-cropping means growing two or more crops together in the same field following a definite pattern.

  2. Crop rotation means growing different crops on the same land in successive seasons.

  3. Inter-cropping improves resource utilization and reduces the risk of total crop failure.

  4. Crop rotation maintains soil fertility and naturally restores nitrogen through leguminous crops.

  5. Both practices reduce pest infestation, improve soil health, and increase crop productivity.
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3 / 9  ·  33%
Q4 →
Q4
NUMERIC3 marks
What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in agricultural practices?
📘 Concept & Theory Concept Used ›
Every living organism possesses hereditary material called DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), which contains genes responsible for different characteristics or traits. Scientists can modify these genes using modern biotechnology to obtain organisms with desirable qualities. This process is known as genetic manipulation or genetic engineering.

In agriculture, genetic manipulation is used to develop improved crop varieties that produce higher yields, resist pests and diseases, tolerate environmental stresses, and provide better nutritional quality. This technique plays an important role in ensuring food security for the growing population.
🗺️ Solution Roadmap Step-by-step Plan ›

  1. Define genetic manipulation.

  2. Explain how genes are modified or transferred.

  3. Describe its applications in agriculture.

  4. Conclude with its importance in increasing food production.

✏️ Solution Complete Solution ›
Step-by-step Solution  ·  4 steps
  1. Genetic manipulation is the process of altering or modifying the genetic material (DNA) of an organism to introduce desirable characteristics. Scientists identify useful genes and transfer or modify them using modern biotechnological techniques to produce improved varieties of plants or animals.
  2. The modified organism expresses beneficial traits that are difficult or time-consuming to obtain through conventional breeding methods.
  3. Usefulness in Agricultural Practices
    • Development of high-yielding varieties:
      Genetic manipulation helps produce crop varieties that give higher yields, thereby increasing food production.
    • Resistance to pests and diseases:
      Genetically improved crops can resist insects, pests, fungi, bacteria, and viruses, reducing crop losses and minimizing the use of chemical pesticides.
    • Improved nutritional quality:
      Crops can be enriched with essential vitamins, proteins, minerals, and other nutrients, making food more nutritious and helping combat malnutrition.
    • Tolerance to environmental stresses:
      Genetically modified crops can withstand drought, salinity, high temperatures, or other adverse climatic conditions, ensuring stable agricultural production.
    • Longer storage life:
      Certain genetically improved crops have better shelf life, reducing spoilage during storage and transportation and minimizing post-harvest losses.
    • Improved quality of agricultural produce:
      Genetic manipulation can enhance the size, taste, appearance, and overall quality of fruits, vegetables, and grains.
  5. Thus, genetic manipulation is an important tool in modern agriculture because it improves crop productivity, enhances food quality, reduces production losses, and supports sustainable agricultural development.
🎯 Exam Significance Exam Significance ›
  • Genetic manipulation is an important application of biotechnology and is frequently asked in CBSE board examinations.
  • Students should clearly understand the meaning of genetic manipulation and distinguish it from conventional plant breeding.
  • Applications of genetic engineering in agriculture, food security, and crop improvement are common topics in Olympiads, NTSE, Foundation courses, and other competitive examinations.
  • This concept serves as a foundation for advanced topics such as recombinant DNA technology, genetically modified (GM) crops, and biotechnology in higher classes.
🔑 Key Takeaways Key Takeaways ›
Key Takeaways  ·  5 points

  1. Genetic manipulation involves modifying the DNA of an organism to obtain desirable traits.

  2. It enables the development of high-yielding and disease-resistant crop varieties.

  3. Genetically improved crops can tolerate drought, salinity, and other environmental stresses.

  4. Genetic manipulation can improve the nutritional value and shelf life of agricultural produce.

  5. It is an important application of biotechnology for achieving sustainable agriculture and food security.
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4 / 9  ·  44%
Q5 →
Q5
NUMERIC3 marks
How do storage grain losses occur?
📘 Concept & Theory Concept Used ›
After harvesting, food grains must be stored carefully to preserve both their quantity and quality until they are consumed or used as seeds. If grains are stored under unsuitable conditions, they may lose weight, nutritional value, germination capacity, and market value. Such damage is known as storage grain loss.

Storage losses occur mainly due to two categories of factors: biotic factors (living organisms) and abiotic factors (non-living environmental conditions). Proper drying, cleaning, and safe storage practices help minimize these losses.
🗺️ Solution Roadmap Step-by-step Plan ›

  1. Define storage grain losses.

  2. Explain the role of biotic factors.

  3. Explain the role of abiotic factors.

  4. Describe measures to prevent storage losses.

✏️ Solution Complete Solution ›
Step-by-step Solution  ·  5 steps
  1. Storage grain losses occur when harvested grains are not stored under suitable conditions. Improper storage leads to deterioration in both the quantity and quality of food grains during storage, transportation, or handling.
  2. These losses are mainly caused by biotic factors and abiotic factors.
  3. Biotic Factors (Living Organisms)
  4. Biotic factors are living organisms that attack and spoil stored grains.
    • Insects and storage pests: Feed on grains, making them hollow and reducing their weight and quality.
    • Rodents: Consume and contaminate grains with their droppings and urine, causing heavy losses.
    • Birds: Eat and scatter stored grains, leading to wastage.
    • Fungi and bacteria: Grow on moist grains, causing rotting, discoloration, foul smell, and production of harmful toxins, making grains unsafe for consumption.
  5. Abiotic Factors (Non-living Factors)
  6. Abiotic factors are environmental conditions that adversely affect stored grains.
    • High moisture content: Promotes fungal growth, seed germination, and spoilage.
    • High humidity: Increases dampness and encourages pest infestation and microbial growth.
    • Improper temperature: Accelerates grain deterioration and reduces seed viability.
    • Poor ventilation: Creates a favourable environment for insects and microorganisms to multiply.
  7. Storage losses can be prevented by thoroughly drying grains before storage, cleaning them properly, storing them in dry and airtight containers or scientific storage structures, maintaining suitable temperature and humidity, and protecting them from insects, rodents, birds, and microorganisms through regular inspection and pest control measures.
🎯 Exam Significance Exam Significance ›
  • This is one of the most important theory questions from the chapter and is frequently asked in CBSE examinations.
  • Students should clearly distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors responsible for storage grain losses.
  • Questions related to scientific storage methods, food preservation, and post-harvest management are common in Olympiads, NTSE, Foundation courses, and other competitive examinations.
  • Understanding grain storage is essential for learning about food security and minimizing post-harvest losses.
🔑 Key Takeaways Key Takeaways ›
Key Takeaways  ·  5 points

  1. Storage grain losses reduce both the quantity and quality of harvested grains.

  2. Biotic factors include insects, rodents, birds, fungi, and bacteria.

  3. Abiotic factors include moisture, humidity, temperature, and poor ventilation.

  4. Proper drying, cleaning, and scientific storage greatly reduce grain losses.

  5. Safe grain storage plays a vital role in food security and sustainable agriculture.
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5 / 9  ·  56%
Q6 →
Q6
NUMERIC3 marks
How do good animal husbandry practices benefit farmers?
📘 Concept & Theory Concept used ›
Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with the scientific breeding, feeding, care, and management of domesticated animals. It aims to obtain maximum production of useful products such as milk, eggs, meat, wool, honey, and fish while ensuring the health and welfare of the animals.

Good animal husbandry practices include providing balanced nutrition, clean drinking water, proper housing, sanitation, disease prevention, vaccination, regular veterinary care, and scientific breeding. These practices improve animal health, productivity, and the economic condition of farmers.
🗺️ Solution Roadmap Step-by-step Plan ›

  1. Define animal husbandry.

  2. Mention the important practices involved.

  3. Explain how these practices improve productivity.

  4. Describe the economic benefits to farmers.

✏️ Solution Complete Solution ›
Step-by-step Solution  ·  4 steps
  1. Good animal husbandry practices involve the scientific management of farm animals such as cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, poultry, and fish. These practices include proper feeding, hygienic housing, breeding, disease prevention, vaccination, and regular healthcare.
  2. Healthy animals grow faster, remain free from diseases, and produce better-quality animal products, thereby increasing farm productivity and profitability.
  3. Benefits to Farmers
    • Higher production:
      Healthy and scientifically managed animals produce more milk, meat, eggs, wool, honey, and fish, resulting in greater agricultural output.
    • Better quality products:
      Balanced nutrition and proper healthcare improve the quality, nutritional value, and market demand of animal products.
    • Reduced disease losses:
      Regular vaccination, sanitation, and veterinary care protect animals from infectious diseases and reduce mortality, thereby minimizing economic losses.
    • Improved breeding:
      Scientific breeding programmes produce superior breeds with desirable characteristics such as higher milk yield, rapid growth, better fertility, and disease resistance.
    • Higher income and employment:
      Animal husbandry provides farmers with a regular source of income throughout the year, even when crop production is affected by adverse weather conditions.
    • Support for sustainable agriculture:
      Livestock provide valuable by-products such as dung, which is used as organic manure and for biogas production, thereby supporting environmentally sustainable farming.
  5. Therefore, good animal husbandry practices increase agricultural productivity, improve farmers' livelihoods, strengthen food security, and contribute significantly to the rural economy.
🎯 Exam Significance Exam Significance ›
  • This is an important descriptive question that frequently appears in CBSE board examinations.
  • Students should remember the major components of animal husbandry, including feeding, breeding, healthcare, and shelter management.
  • Questions related to dairy farming, poultry farming, fisheries, livestock management, and disease prevention are commonly asked in Olympiads, NTSE, Foundation courses, and other competitive examinations.
  • The concept forms the basis for higher studies in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Animal Science, and Biotechnology.
🔑 Key Takeaways Key Takeaways ›
Key Takeaways  ·  5 points

  1. Animal husbandry is the scientific management of domesticated animals.

  2. Balanced nutrition, proper shelter, hygiene, vaccination, and healthcare are essential animal husbandry practices.

  3. Healthy animals produce more milk, eggs, meat, wool, honey, and fish.

  4. Scientific breeding improves the quality and productivity of livestock.

  5. Good animal husbandry increases farmers' income, supports sustainable agriculture, and strengthens food security.
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Q7 →
Q7
NUMERIC3 marks
What are the benefits of cattle farming?
📘 Concept & Theory Concept Used ›
Cattle farming is the scientific rearing and management of cattle such as cows, buffaloes, bulls, and bullocks for obtaining useful products and services. It is an important branch of animal husbandry and plays a significant role in agriculture by supplying milk, draught power, manure, and other valuable products.

Farmers select high-yielding breeds, provide balanced nutrition, maintain proper housing, and ensure regular healthcare to improve the productivity and health of cattle. This not only increases agricultural output but also strengthens the rural economy.
🗺️ Solution Roadmap Step-by-step Plan ›

  1. Define cattle farming.

  2. Describe its major uses and products.

  3. Explain how it supports agriculture and farmers.

  4. Conclude with its economic importance.

✏️ Solution Complete Solution ›
Step-by-step Solution  ·  4 steps
  1. Cattle farming is the practice of rearing cows, buffaloes, bulls, and bullocks for obtaining useful products such as milk, manure, meat, and other by-products, as well as for performing agricultural work.
  2. Good management practices such as proper feeding, breeding, hygienic housing, and disease control help increase the productivity of cattle and provide several benefits to farmers.
  3. Benefits of Cattle Farming
    • Milk Production:
      Cows and buffaloes are the major sources of milk, which is rich in proteins, calcium, vitamins, and essential fats. Milk is also used to prepare products such as curd, butter, cheese, paneer, ghee, and sweets.
    • Draught Power:
      Bullocks and bulls are used for ploughing fields, transporting agricultural produce, drawing carts, and performing other farm operations, particularly in rural areas.
    • Organic Manure:
      Cow dung and urine are used to prepare organic manure, which improves soil fertility, enhances soil structure, and reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers.
    • Biogas Production:
      Cow dung is used to produce biogas, an eco-friendly and renewable source of energy for cooking and lighting in rural households.
    • Meat Production:
      Some cattle breeds are reared for meat, which serves as an important source of high-quality animal protein in many parts of the world.
    • Income Generation:
      Farmers earn a regular income by selling milk, dairy products, cattle, manure, and other livestock products. Cattle farming also creates employment in dairy farming, transportation, and processing industries.
    • Useful By-products:
      Hides, bones, horns, and other by-products obtained from cattle are used in leather, pharmaceutical, handicraft, and various manufacturing industries.
  5. Thus, cattle farming contributes significantly to food production, agricultural development, renewable energy generation, rural employment, and the overall economic well-being of farmers.
🎯 Exam Significance Exam Significance ›
  • This is an important descriptive question from the chapter and is frequently asked in CBSE examinations.
  • Students should remember the multiple uses of cattle beyond milk production, especially draught power, manure, and biogas.
  • Questions related to dairy farming, indigenous and exotic cattle breeds, livestock management, and rural economy are commonly asked in Olympiads, NTSE, Foundation courses, and other competitive examinations.
  • The concept forms the basis for understanding sustainable agriculture, animal husbandry, and integrated farming systems in higher classes.
🔑 Key Takeaways Key Takeaways ›
Key Takeaways  ·  5 points

  1. Cattle farming is the scientific rearing and management of cattle for useful products and services.

  2. It provides milk, manure, meat, draught power, biogas, and several industrial by-products.

  3. Organic manure obtained from cattle improves soil fertility and supports sustainable farming.

  4. Cattle farming generates employment and provides a regular source of income to farmers.

  5. It is an important component of integrated agriculture and rural economic development.
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Q8 →
Q8
NUMERIC3 marks
For increasing production, what is common in poultry, fisheries and bee-keeping?
📘 Concept & Theory Concept Used ›
Poultry farming, fisheries, and bee-keeping are important branches of animal husbandry that contribute significantly to food production and rural livelihoods. Although they involve different organisms, the principles used to increase production are largely the same. Scientific management ensures healthy growth, better reproduction, disease prevention, and maximum productivity.

Increased production depends on selecting improved breeds or species, providing balanced nutrition, maintaining hygienic conditions, preventing diseases, and adopting scientific methods of breeding and management.
🗺️ Solution Roadmap Step-by-step Plan ›

  1. Identify the common factor responsible for higher production.

  2. Explain the major components of scientific management.

  3. State how these practices increase production and profitability.

✏️ Solution Complete Solution ›
Step-by-step Solution  ·  4 steps
  1. The common factor responsible for increasing production in poultry farming, fisheries, and bee-keeping is the adoption of scientific management practices. Proper care and management improve the health, productivity, and survival of birds, fish, and honeybees.
  2. The important practices common to all three are described below.
  3. Common Scientific Management Practices
    • Selection of improved breeds or species:
      High-yielding, fast-growing, disease-resistant, and productive breeds or species are selected to obtain maximum production.
    • Balanced nutrition:
      Proper and nutritious feed is supplied to ensure healthy growth, efficient reproduction, and higher production of eggs, meat, fish, honey, or other products.
    • Proper housing and environmental conditions:
      Clean, well-maintained, and safe living conditions protect birds, fish, and bees from harsh weather, predators, and stress.
    • Disease prevention and healthcare:
      Regular health monitoring, vaccination (where applicable), disease control, and timely treatment reduce mortality and improve productivity.
    • Scientific breeding and management:
      Modern breeding techniques, proper reproduction management, and scientific handling increase production efficiency and improve the quality of the products obtained.
    • Regular monitoring:
      Continuous observation of health, growth, feeding, and environmental conditions helps identify problems early and ensures maximum productivity.
  5. Thus, scientific management is the common principle that increases production in poultry farming, fisheries, and bee-keeping by improving health, reducing losses, and enhancing the quality and quantity of useful products.
🎯 Exam Significance Exam Significance ›
  • This is an important conceptual question frequently asked in CBSE Class 9 board examinations.
  • Students should remember that scientific management is the common factor responsible for higher production in all animal husbandry practices.
  • The concepts of breed selection, balanced nutrition, disease control, and scientific breeding are commonly tested in Olympiads, NTSE, Foundation courses, and other competitive examinations.
  • Understanding these principles helps explain sustainable livestock production and efficient food resource management.
🔑 Key Takeaways Key Takeaways ›
Key Takeaways  ·  5 points

  1. Scientific management is the common factor that increases production in poultry, fisheries, and bee-keeping.

  2. Selection of improved breeds or species enhances productivity and disease resistance.

  3. Balanced nutrition, proper housing, and hygienic conditions ensure healthy growth.

  4. Regular disease prevention and healthcare reduce mortality and production losses.

  5. Scientific breeding and efficient management increase both the quality and quantity of animal products.

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8 / 9  ·  89%
Q9 →
Q9
NUMERIC3 marks
How do you differentiate between capture fishing, mariculture and aquaculture?
📘 Concept & Theory Concept Used ›
Fish production is an important source of nutritious food and livelihood. Depending on the method of obtaining aquatic organisms, fisheries can be classified into capture fishing, mariculture, and aquaculture. These methods differ in the type of water body used, the degree of human intervention, and the way fish or other aquatic organisms are produced.

Capture fishing depends on natural fish populations, whereas mariculture and aquaculture involve scientific farming techniques to increase production and ensure a regular supply of aquatic products.
🗺️ Solution Roadmap Step-by-step Plan ›

  1. Define each method of fish production.

  2. Compare their working methods.

  3. Differentiate them based on water source, management, and examples.

✏️ Solution Complete Solution ›
Step-by-step Solution  ·  1 step
  1. Feature Capture Fishing Mariculture Aquaculture
    Definition Harvesting naturally available fish and other aquatic organisms from natural water bodies. Scientific farming of marine (sea) organisms in seawater. Scientific cultivation of aquatic plants and animals in controlled freshwater or marine environments.
    Method Fish are caught from natural habitats using nets, hooks, traps, or fishing vessels. Marine organisms are bred, reared, protected, and harvested under human supervision. Aquatic organisms are bred, fed, protected from diseases, and harvested under controlled conditions.
    Water Body Natural rivers, lakes, ponds, seas, and oceans. Coastal seawater, lagoons, estuaries, and marine cages. Fish ponds, tanks, reservoirs, canals, cages, freshwater bodies, and marine farms.
    Human Intervention Very little; mainly limited to catching fish. Moderate to high; includes feeding, breeding, disease control, and protection. High; complete scientific management of breeding, feeding, water quality, and healthcare.
    Examples Fishing in rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans. Farming of marine fish, oysters, mussels, seaweeds, and prawns. Fish farming, shrimp farming, carp culture, tilapia farming, and integrated fish culture.
    Main Objective Collection of naturally available fish. Commercial production of marine organisms. Maximum production of aquatic organisms under controlled conditions.
    Production Level Depends on natural fish availability. Higher than capture fishing due to scientific management. Highest productivity because breeding, feeding, and environmental conditions are carefully controlled.
🎯 Exam Significance Exam Significance ›
  • This is one of the most important comparison-based questions from the chapter and is frequently asked in CBSE board examinations.
  • Students should clearly distinguish between capture fishing, mariculture, and aquaculture based on their definitions, water bodies, and level of human intervention.
  • Comparative questions on fisheries, aquaculture, pisciculture, and sustainable fish production are common in Olympiads, NTSE, Foundation courses, and other competitive examinations.
  • These concepts provide a foundation for understanding modern fisheries, food security, and sustainable management of aquatic resources.
🔑 Key Takeaways Key Takeaways ›
Key Takeaways  ·  5 points

  1. Capture fishing involves harvesting naturally available fish from rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans.

  2. Mariculture is the farming of marine organisms in seawater under scientific management.

  3. Aquaculture is the controlled cultivation of aquatic plants and animals in freshwater or marine environments.

  4. Aquaculture provides the highest production because environmental conditions and breeding are carefully managed.

  5. Scientific fish farming helps increase food production while supporting sustainable use of aquatic resources./

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NCERT Class 9 Improvement in Food Resources Solutions
NCERT Class 9 Improvement in Food Resources Solutions — Complete Notes & Solutions · academia-aeternum.com
The chapter “Improvement in Food Resources” from NCERT Class 9 Science explains how better methods of farming, animal rearing, and crop management help increase food production to meet the growing needs of our population. The Textbook Exercise Solutions provided here are written in a simple, easy-to-understand language designed to help students grasp scientific concepts effectively and prepare thoroughly for exams. These solutions cover every in-text and end-text question from the NCERT book,…
🎓 Class 9 📐 Science 📖 NCERT ✅ Free Access 🏆 CBSE · JEE
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    IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES — Learning Resources

    📄 Detailed Notes
    🧠 Practice MCQs
    ✔️ True / False
    💬 Q&A Discussion

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Through vaccinations, proper hygiene, and timely treatment.

    Provides milk and milk products, an important source of nutrition and livelihood.

    Increase efficiency, reduce labor, and improve quantity and quality of food production.

    Crops grown for their edible grains like wheat, rice, and maize.

    Crops grown primarily for their edible seeds, rich in protein, like lentils and peas.

    Mechanical removal, chemical herbicides, and crop rotation.

    Ladybird beetle (it controls aphids).

    Uses natural inputs and sustainable techniques to produce healthy food and conserve environment.

    Alters rainfall patterns, increases pests and diseases, and affects crop yields.

    Focus on understanding types of crops, irrigation, animal husbandry, and fisheries to answer NCERT textbook questions.

    The availability of sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to all people at all times.

    Balancing increased production with environmental sustainability and resource conservation.

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